URLs and SEO: SEO Best Practices for URL Structure

URLs and SEO: Various Strategies for URL File Names: Below are various strategies for URL file naming.

1. Why do we care?

URL is undoubtedly one of the most important aspects that affect both SEO and usability.

It affects:

• Rankings (placing keywords in the file path is one of the most effective ways to make the keywords more prominent);
• Click-through: a “clear”, “readable” URL can be anotherreinforcement signal for the user to click it;
• Usability: a good “obvious” URL helps the user understand what the page is about even before entering the page.

2. Keywords in the file name

There is no doubt that keywords in the URL matter (so far they even matter a lot). However this doesn’t mean that you need to stuff your URLs with only keywords. The best practices would be:

• Keywords in the file path occur naturally;
• Keywords in the file path help make the URL easier comprehensible and memorable;
• URLs do not consist of only keywords: here’s a good point expressed by Onreact in his post on top 10 fatal URL design mistakes:
  
  

  Recently bloggers tend to shorten their URLs in as much as their posting becomes totally boring. I won’t click /2008/06/27/google if I see only the URLs (like, say, in an email) but I will click google-files-for-bankrupcy

3. Word separators

While Google has become much smarter when it comes to identifying separate words in the file path, a dash is still considered the best choice:

Word separator	Disadvantages	Example
Space	URL encoded as %20 (makes the URL not easy to read). This may also prevent from sharing the URL in some social bookmarking services.	/word1%20word2
&	URL encoded as %26 (makes the URL not easy to read). This may also prevent from sharing the URL in some social bookmarking services.	/word1%26word2
Comma (,) or period (.)	Abused by spammers	/word1.word2 OR /word1,word2
Underscore	Traditionally it isn’t seen by search engines as a word separator (this is slowly changing now)	/word1_word2
Hyphen	NONE	/word1-word2

4. URL length

While it is still considered the best practice to stick to shorter URLs, the factor is becoming less and less important:

• Usability: Very few people manually type a URL in the address bar. They either use bookmarks or search history (e.g. FireFox / Chrome smart address bar that shows URLs while you start typing the title of the page) or just use Google to find the page again;
• SEO: Google can handle very long URLs (though it is still rumored that it prefers short URLs, I personally don’t see any big difference);
• Click-through: Google now breaks long URL in SERPs smartly: it only shows the parts which use the search term or even substitutes the URL with breadcrumbs.

5. Case sensitivity

We have discussed this before: URLs are case sensitive. That being said, if you have two versions of the URL live and linked to (which is only possible if your site is on Windows server), this means that both lower- and higher-case URL versions return 200 OK status when queried. This will cause some duplicate content issues but Google will most likely be able to figure that out (by choosing one of them). What’s more important is that you are wasting plenty of link juice spreading it between the two versions.

It is recommended to always choose lowercase pattern (just because there will always be people who will link to a more traditional, plain-text version) and to use 301 status code to redirect all other (capitalized, upper-case, etc) versions to the lowercase one.

6. URL Extensions

We’ve discussed URL extensions previously and come to the conclusion that it doesn’t matter too much if an URL have one or not. There are some pros and cons (listed below) but these are rather minor arguments:

Argument for using an extension: intuitive browsing: seeing an .htlm people may understand that is a page with content, seeing / people may assume that’s a folder. Although there is no direct impact on rankings, an URL extension makes it clear both to a user and a search bot whether this is a page or subdirectory.

Arguments against using an extension:

• Reduce the overall URL length, which is just better overall. Not that the 4/5 characters that are in the .html or .php really add a lot, but sometimes small things can make a difference.
• No problems with any technology changes (moving to anew CMS, etc): no need to redirect the old URLs to the new ones.

7. More URL tips:

• Cool URIs don’t change
• Don’t put dates in the URL.

• Length of the URL: no more than 3-5 words in your URL. According to Google’s Matt Cutts if there are more than 5 words…

[Google] algorithms typically will just weight those words less and just not give you as much credit.”

Here is one more evidence in favor of short URL: recent research shows that short URLs within Google SERPs get clicked twice as often as long ones. So by sticking to short URLs you get both better rankings and better clickthrough.

Short URLs will also help in direct type ins of URLs (if anyone still uses that instead of Google).

• Dashes are better than underscores. Although Google has no individual preferences (meaning you won’t be penalizes for either of the versions), dashes are more preferable as Google “sees” each hyphened word as an individual one:

So if you have a url like word1_word2, Google will only return that page if the user searches for word1_word2 (which almost never happens). If you have a url like word1-word2, that page can be returned for the searches word1, word2, and even “word1 word2?.

• Unlike a domain name, URL is case sensitive – meaning that if by any reason (your choice or CMS) you stick to a an upper-case version, remember that this can cause a few issues: people are most likely to link to the standard lower case one and you might both lose link juice and suffer from duplicate content issues.

• Moving to static URL structure: my favorite tactic is to use 301 redirect only for most powerful (in terms of linking and traffic) pages and leave all others to be handled via 404.

• If you hesitate if your URLs may be perceived as spammy, check out SEOMOZ URL Spam Detection Tool that will estimate:
  • spam words;
  • hyphens;
  • subdomain depth;
  • domain length;
  • digits.
• Mind your file extensions (i.e. don’t end your URLs with .exe) as they might prevent your pages from crawling.

Optimizing Your AdWords Campaigns

Pay per click advertising is a form of marketing with major benefits. It differs from other methods of marketing in its ability to allow advertisers and marketers to measure and analyze the results of their techniques, to refine and optimize them to increase ROI beyond almost anything possible in the offline marketing world. Google AdWords is currently the prominent pay per click resource available today. Learning some of the ways to optimize your AdWords campaigns can cut costs while keeping conversions up in several ways.

Here are four ways to refine your AdWords campaign to see where money spent is producing the best return and to adjust settings to maximize return on investment.

1. The Segment option. This is one of the newest additions to AdWords. The Segment option is available within your Campaigns, Ad Groups and Keywords tabs. Within each, the options are different, but allow for viewing of your results in specific ways of measurement. This can include breaking into specific units of time, such as weeks or days of the week.

By viewing your data this way you can discover what weeks are most active for a seasonal market, as well as information such as which days of the week are most prone to getting better conversion rates. By knowing this data, you can reduce costs where your conversions are more expensive, increase bids where you are seeing better conversion rates, and in all these ways increase ROI.

2. A-B Split Testing for ads. This can be one of the most effective means of increasing CTR for your ad groups. Have two or three ads active for each ad group. After a number of clicks (ideally at least 20 clicks on each ad), choose the better performing ad. Replace the more poorly performing ad with a different ad copy. Repeat the whole operation to find which advertisement will produce the best CTR or the best conversion rate.

Doing this can often improve your CTR by a factor of 2 or more, and a higher CTR improves Quality Score as well as increasing lead generation. To get an accurate reading for proper A-B split testing, make sure your campaign setting for Ad Delivery->Rotation is set to “Rotate: Show ads more evenly”.

3. Remarketing with the Audiences tab. This is an element of AdWords that works only for the Content Network. When the Audiences tab is enabled, you can create remarketing lists to target specific visitors to your site. By placing code on specific pages within your site, a cookie is put on all users who visit these pages.

Then when they visit other sites with similar targeted themes, a very relevant ad is shown to these users to give them motivation to return to your site to make a purchase or opt-in. This works by reaching out to visitors who had visited your site previously and displayed some kind of interest in that market. Often this remarketing approach can increase conversions by contacting people who have an established interest in your products and reconnecting with them.

4. Changing advertising frequency/rate settings. Advertising can be adjusted in AdWords to not just advertise for certain days and hours of each day, but the amount for CPC can be adjusted to raise or lower bidding rates for certain days and hours. The setting is within each Campaign settings area, under Advanced settings->Schedule and choosing Ad Scheduling, the selecting “Bid Adjustment” inside the scheduling option.

After doing research for performance for specific days within your campaign you can make changes to cut costs and increase ROI nicely. For example, after viewing that you are getting little or no conversions on certain days of the week, you can pause these days with this setting. In the same way, any days that have better conversion rates can have an increased bid amount to maximize CTR for those days. This can all help improve business results for your AdWords campaign.

By knowing about and using these different options within AdWords you can greatly improve your pay per click results. AdWords optimization is a definite way to increase ROI and open additional opportunities to expand your marketing methods. Properly using these techniques can cut costs, increase profits, and help you make the most out of this powerful tool.

PPC Magic: 3 Steps To Turning Hundreds Of Keywords Into Millions

Basically, the long tail approach dictates that we not only use high-search volume, general terms, but also load up our accounts with many, many niche terms—the theory being that these tail terms are cheaper due to less competition and also more relevant so they drive higher engagement with users.

I’ve seen campaigns with a few hundred terms perform very well. I’ve also seen campaigns with millions of terms perform poorly. Remember, we test everything in search engine marketing! So, other than the actual logistics of managing a huge list, there really isn’t any drawback to adding and testing many keywords if you think they even have the slightest chance of providing value to your advertiser. I’m going to go out on a limb here and say that for beginners to PPC, try to limit your lists to 10,000 to 20,000 max.

The key is using modifiers

So, how do we take the hundreds of terms we uncovered during our research and turn them into tens of thousands (and maybe even millions) of long tail terms? The secret is with modifiers. For example, if you’re selling used cars, you may take a core term like used car and add buying modifiers so now you have purchase used car, buy used car, shop for used car, etc. As search marketers looking for tail terms, we may combine our core words with multiple modifier lists. For example, if we matched up every term with the dealer’s car brands, we wouldn’t have just purchase used car, but alsopurchase used Saturn, purchase used Ford, purchase used Toyota etc.

Each advertiser will have their own set of modifiers that make sense. However, some common modifier directions include:

Buying cycle. Used for awareness/interest terms, modifiers such as info onor research could be used. For users further down the funnel, buy, shop, purchase and so on also make sense.

Adjectives. If you’re selling broadband service, then description words likefast, speedy, and quick could be important. For banks, it might be performance words such as high yield or safety-conscious words like insured.

Geographical. Lists of cities, towns, states, DMAs, metro areas, etc. If the advertiser is a U.S. based national brand, you may almost always use states and top DMAs as modifiers. Certainly car insurance Omaha should be treated differently than car insurance New York City. Similar geographical modifiers can be used elsewhere in the world.

Here are three steps to using modifiers to build giant keyword lists.

Step #1 – Identify your core terms. If you’ve been through all of the research ideas in this column, you will have already compiled a pretty comprehensive list of keywords from keyword tools, competitor research, and so on. So, you should be able to look through all of the terms and quickly pull out a high level list of core terms. If you’re an online retailer, maybe those core terms are your main categories. Or, if you’re a service company, you will probably have a handful of terms that are used most when people search for your company.

As an example, I’ll use a clothing retailer based in the western region of the U.S. Here is their core term list. Make sure to include plurals and any very common misspellings in the core list.

• T-shirt
• T-shirts
• Jeans
• Shirt
• Shirts
• Dress
• Dresses

Step #2 – Generate your modifier lists. 5 lists that come to mind for this retailer are:

Sizes: Small, Medium, Large, XL, XXL
Color: Red, Blue, Green, Yellow, Brown, White, Black, Orange
Purchase terms: Buy, Shop, Browse, Purchase, Deal, Cheap, Inexpensive,
Qualifiers: Brand name, Designer, Name Brand, Quality, Chic
Western States: California, Arizona, New Mexico, Nevada, Oregon, Washington, Colorado, Montana

Step #3 – Generate permutations. You can use a permutation tool such as Keyword Lizard or Keyword Combinations to input your various lists. You’re always going to want to use your core terms in combination with modifiers where it makes sense. Here’s a screenshot from the free Keyword Combination tool:

Suddenly, you have tail term lists with designer jeans California, small blue shirt, and inexpensive XL t-shirts. In fact, from your seven core terms and five simple modifier lists, you can easily generate over 200,000 keywords.

Okay, here’s where the magic happens. Check the math: 7 Core Terms X 5 sizes X 8 colors X 7 purchase words X 5 qualifiers X 8 States = 78,400 variations of your core words.

Abracadabra!

Actually, you have more than that. There are keywords that won’t contain every list. So you really add one more modifier per list that is a “blank space”. Once you do that, you get 186,624. Wow! In fact, if you were to add just one more keyword to one of those lists, the total available permutations would be 207,360! You won’t use all of those keywords, especially if you cap them at 3-4 words per keyword phrase. However, chances are you’ll be using many more modifier lists and core terms so the list could grow to millions very easily. Ultimately, you certainly will have plenty of great tail terms to test.

And, if you do it right, you can easily segment the keywords into groups and campaigns. For this example, there could be a “sizes campaign” or a “states campaign.” That way you can address similar words with the most relevant ad text and landing pages. Next week, we’ll dive deeper into campaign and ad group segmentation.

ROAS and Launching Better PPC Campaigns

Return on Ad-Spend, or ROAS, is a metric calculated by dividing the revenue generated from an ad campaign, by the cost of that campaign. It can be applied to any sales situation that has an advertising spend, even a bake sale:

Lets say your mother gave you a pan of brownies to sell at the bake sale, but it costs $50 to get your booth and marketing materials set (we’ll call $50 your ad-spend).

If your brownies manage to produce a total revenue of $50, you’ve broken even, or gotten a full return on your ad-spend.

If you had made the brownies yourself, and they’d cost you $50 to make (we’re talking primo brownies here), then your total investment is actually $100, but ROAS only takes into account ad-spend. So in the same situation you’re still getting a full return on your ad-spend, just not a full return on your investment.

A handy exercise to go through with new clients before you launch a PPC campaign is to calculate the potential ROAS of the keywords you’re targeting.

There are a few unknown, and a few fuzzy variables – we’ll have some tools to help us come up with potential traffic and potential costs, but we’ll have to use some educated guessing to come up with reasonable estimated ranges of conversion rates and click through rates – in truth, the conversion potential of your keywords, through your ads, to your landing pages, for your clients products, are up to you and your marketing team.

Calculating ROAS:

In order to calculate a predicted ROAS in PPC advertising you need to know the revenue that each conversion brings for each product you’re marketing (which could be associated with the keyword, or ad-group level), the potential cost of the campaign, and a half-decent guess at what kind of a conversion rate you might achieve. Once you know what a conversion is worth, all of the info that you need is available in rough form from Yahoo and Google’s keyword tools.

Yahoo give us the estimated number of clicks and cost per click (CPC) for a keyword so we can calculate the expected cost of the campaign per month. Adwords give us approximate search volume along with the estimated CPC, which we can use to determine a rough estimate of traffic at different click-through-rates, and what it will cost us. If we supply a hypothetical conversion rate to calculate conversions, and we know the company’s revenue from each conversion, we have what we need to calculate ROAS. So like I said, it gets fuzzy, but it’s still half-decent for predicted information.

These simple equations are expressed like this:

To further the confusion of the ROAS metric, it is commonly calculated in two *different* ways. One way subtracts the PPC ad-spend from the revenue right in the calculation, the other way does not. Let’s look at each equation and how to interpret the results.

Method one:

With method one revenue of $100 and an ad-spend of $100 would produce a full return on ad spend of %100. So with this method of calculation seeing 100% ROAS simply means you’re breaking even. A 50% ROAS would mean you’re only recouping half of the ad-spend you’ve put out. With this equation in a situation where you have $200 revenue and $100 ad-spend, doubling your ad-spend is expressed as an ROAS of 200%.

Method two:

In this formula the cost is subtracted from the revenue, forming a profit metric that is relative to the ad campaign. Plugging the same numbers into this, $100 ad-spend with $100 cost, break-even comes out to 0% ROAS. With this equation, in a situation with $200 revenue and $100 ad-spend, doubling your ad-spend is expressed as and ROAS of 100%.

Be sure you know which type of ROAS you’re looking at, because obviously the interpretation is different for each.

The basic approach of pre-checking keywords for ROAS can help you launch campaigns that stand a better chance of being profitable quickly, rather than analyzing data after some time (and some money!) has passed. It can let you know going in, all else equal, approximately what costs-per-click should stand a good chance of performing well. The problem is, all else is never equal.

A number of variables affect your ROAS, and tweaking CPC is only one part of a comprehensive management approach. Some argue that ROAS should only be used as a general indicator because it is too broad in scope, and doesn’t take into account the overall costs of sales.

Remember from the bake-sale, if you’ve got extra costs external to ad-spend (like $50 worth of primo brownie ingredients), your ROAS metric is never going to reflect true ROI – only somebody who is familiar with overall costs associated with a product or service can really interpret ROAS calculationsfor that product or service. ROAS is not the same as ROI.

As long as you keep it in perspective of larger ROI influences, ROAS as a guide to see how each variable affects profit margins can be quite interesting to look at. For those account managers that understand both their products and the metric well, there can be a benefit to being able to monitor ROAS at each level of a PPC campaign over time.